//
// basic_raw_socket.hpp
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//
// Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com)
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//

#ifndef ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_HPP
#define ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_HPP

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
# pragma once
#endif // defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)

#include "asio/detail/config.hpp"
#include <cstddef>
#include "asio/basic_socket.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/handler_type_requirements.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/non_const_lvalue.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/throw_error.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/type_traits.hpp"
#include "asio/error.hpp"

#include "asio/detail/push_options.hpp"

namespace asio {

#if !defined(ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_FWD_DECL)
#define ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_FWD_DECL

// Forward declaration with defaulted arguments.
template <typename Protocol, typename Executor = any_io_executor>
class basic_raw_socket;

#endif // !defined(ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_FWD_DECL)

/// Provides raw-oriented socket functionality.
/**
 * The basic_raw_socket class template provides asynchronous and blocking
 * raw-oriented socket functionality.
 *
 * @par Thread Safety
 * @e Distinct @e objects: Safe.@n
 * @e Shared @e objects: Unsafe.
 *
 * Synchronous @c send, @c send_to, @c receive, @c receive_from, and @c connect
 * operations are thread safe with respect to each other, if the underlying
 * operating system calls are also thread safe. This means that it is permitted
 * to perform concurrent calls to these synchronous operations on a single
 * socket object. Other synchronous operations, such as @c open or @c close, are
 * not thread safe.
 */
template <typename Protocol, typename Executor>
class basic_raw_socket
  : public basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>
{
public:
  /// The type of the executor associated with the object.
  typedef Executor executor_type;

  /// Rebinds the socket type to another executor.
  template <typename Executor1>
  struct rebind_executor
  {
    /// The socket type when rebound to the specified executor.
    typedef basic_raw_socket<Protocol, Executor1> other;
  };

  /// The native representation of a socket.
#if defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)
  typedef implementation_defined native_handle_type;
#else
  typedef typename basic_socket<Protocol,
    Executor>::native_handle_type native_handle_type;
#endif

  /// The protocol type.
  typedef Protocol protocol_type;

  /// The endpoint type.
  typedef typename Protocol::endpoint endpoint_type;

  /// Construct a basic_raw_socket without opening it.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a raw socket without opening it. The open()
   * function must be called before data can be sent or received on the socket.
   *
   * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
   * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
   */
  explicit basic_raw_socket(const executor_type& ex)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_raw_socket without opening it.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a raw socket without opening it. The open()
   * function must be called before data can be sent or received on the socket.
   *
   * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
   * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
   * operations performed on the socket.
   */
  template <typename ExecutionContext>
  explicit basic_raw_socket(ExecutionContext& context,
      typename constraint<
        is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
      >::type = 0)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context)
  {
  }

  /// Construct and open a basic_raw_socket.
  /**
   * This constructor creates and opens a raw socket.
   *
   * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
   * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  basic_raw_socket(const executor_type& ex, const protocol_type& protocol)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex, protocol)
  {
  }

  /// Construct and open a basic_raw_socket.
  /**
   * This constructor creates and opens a raw socket.
   *
   * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
   * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
   * operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  template <typename ExecutionContext>
  basic_raw_socket(ExecutionContext& context, const protocol_type& protocol,
      typename constraint<
        is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value,
        defaulted_constraint
      >::type = defaulted_constraint())
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context, protocol)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_raw_socket, opening it and binding it to the given
  /// local endpoint.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a raw socket and automatically opens it bound
   * to the specified endpoint on the local machine. The protocol used is the
   * protocol associated with the given endpoint.
   *
   * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
   * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param endpoint An endpoint on the local machine to which the raw
   * socket will be bound.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  basic_raw_socket(const executor_type& ex, const endpoint_type& endpoint)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex, endpoint)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_raw_socket, opening it and binding it to the given
  /// local endpoint.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a raw socket and automatically opens it bound
   * to the specified endpoint on the local machine. The protocol used is the
   * protocol associated with the given endpoint.
   *
   * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
   * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
   * operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param endpoint An endpoint on the local machine to which the raw
   * socket will be bound.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  template <typename ExecutionContext>
  basic_raw_socket(ExecutionContext& context, const endpoint_type& endpoint,
      typename constraint<
        is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
      >::type = 0)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context, endpoint)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_raw_socket on an existing native socket.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a raw socket object to hold an existing
   * native socket.
   *
   * @param ex The I/O executor that the socket will use, by default, to
   * dispatch handlers for any asynchronous operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
   *
   * @param native_socket The new underlying socket implementation.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  basic_raw_socket(const executor_type& ex,
      const protocol_type& protocol, const native_handle_type& native_socket)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(ex, protocol, native_socket)
  {
  }

  /// Construct a basic_raw_socket on an existing native socket.
  /**
   * This constructor creates a raw socket object to hold an existing
   * native socket.
   *
   * @param context An execution context which provides the I/O executor that
   * the socket will use, by default, to dispatch handlers for any asynchronous
   * operations performed on the socket.
   *
   * @param protocol An object specifying protocol parameters to be used.
   *
   * @param native_socket The new underlying socket implementation.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  template <typename ExecutionContext>
  basic_raw_socket(ExecutionContext& context,
      const protocol_type& protocol, const native_handle_type& native_socket,
      typename constraint<
        is_convertible<ExecutionContext&, execution_context&>::value
      >::type = 0)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(context, protocol, native_socket)
  {
  }

#if defined(ASIO_HAS_MOVE) || defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)
  /// Move-construct a basic_raw_socket from another.
  /**
   * This constructor moves a raw socket from one object to another.
   *
   * @param other The other basic_raw_socket object from which the move
   * will occur.
   *
   * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
   * constructed using the @c basic_raw_socket(const executor_type&)
   * constructor.
   */
  basic_raw_socket(basic_raw_socket&& other) ASIO_NOEXCEPT
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(std::move(other))
  {
  }

  /// Move-assign a basic_raw_socket from another.
  /**
   * This assignment operator moves a raw socket from one object to another.
   *
   * @param other The other basic_raw_socket object from which the move
   * will occur.
   *
   * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
   * constructed using the @c basic_raw_socket(const executor_type&)
   * constructor.
   */
  basic_raw_socket& operator=(basic_raw_socket&& other)
  {
    basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>::operator=(std::move(other));
    return *this;
  }

  /// Move-construct a basic_raw_socket from a socket of another protocol
  /// type.
  /**
   * This constructor moves a raw socket from one object to another.
   *
   * @param other The other basic_raw_socket object from which the move
   * will occur.
   *
   * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
   * constructed using the @c basic_raw_socket(const executor_type&)
   * constructor.
   */
  template <typename Protocol1, typename Executor1>
  basic_raw_socket(basic_raw_socket<Protocol1, Executor1>&& other,
      typename constraint<
        is_convertible<Protocol1, Protocol>::value
          && is_convertible<Executor1, Executor>::value
      >::type = 0)
    : basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>(std::move(other))
  {
  }

  /// Move-assign a basic_raw_socket from a socket of another protocol type.
  /**
   * This assignment operator moves a raw socket from one object to another.
   *
   * @param other The other basic_raw_socket object from which the move
   * will occur.
   *
   * @note Following the move, the moved-from object is in the same state as if
   * constructed using the @c basic_raw_socket(const executor_type&)
   * constructor.
   */
  template <typename Protocol1, typename Executor1>
  typename constraint<
    is_convertible<Protocol1, Protocol>::value
      && is_convertible<Executor1, Executor>::value,
    basic_raw_socket&
  >::type operator=(basic_raw_socket<Protocol1, Executor1>&& other)
  {
    basic_socket<Protocol, Executor>::operator=(std::move(other));
    return *this;
  }
#endif // defined(ASIO_HAS_MOVE) || defined(GENERATING_DOCUMENTATION)

  /// Destroys the socket.
  /**
   * This function destroys the socket, cancelling any outstanding asynchronous
   * operations associated with the socket as if by calling @c cancel.
   */
  ~basic_raw_socket()
  {
  }

  /// Send some data on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to send data on the raw socket. The function call
   * will block until the data has been sent successfully or an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One ore more data buffers to be sent on the socket.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes sent.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   *
   * @note The send operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
   * the send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw socket.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code socket.send(asio::buffer(data, size)); @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send");
    return s;
  }

  /// Send some data on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to send data on the raw socket. The function call
   * will block until the data has been sent successfully or an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One ore more data buffers to be sent on the socket.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes sent.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   *
   * @note The send operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
   * the send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw socket.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send");
    return s;
  }

  /// Send some data on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to send data on the raw socket. The function call
   * will block until the data has been sent successfully or an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
   *
   * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes sent.
   *
   * @note The send operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
   * the send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw socket.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags, asio::error_code& ec)
  {
    return this->impl_.get_service().send(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous send on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to send data on the raw socket. The function call
   * will block until the data has been sent successfully or an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket. Although
   * the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the underlying
   * memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that they
   * remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the send operation completes.
   * Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function signature of
   * the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes sent.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The async_send operation can only be used with a connected socket.
   * Use the async_send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw
   * socket.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * socket.async_send(asio::buffer(data, size), handler);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) WriteHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_send(this), handler,
        buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0));
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous send on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to send data on the raw socket. The function call
   * will block until the data has been sent successfully or an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent on the socket. Although
   * the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the underlying
   * memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that they
   * remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the send operation completes.
   * Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function signature of
   * the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes sent.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The async_send operation can only be used with a connected socket.
   * Use the async_send_to function to send data on an unconnected raw
   * socket.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) WriteHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_send(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_send(this), handler, buffers, flags);
  }

  /// Send raw data to the specified endpoint.
  /**
   * This function is used to send raw data to the specified remote endpoint.
   * The function call will block until the data has been sent successfully or
   * an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
   *
   * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes sent.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * asio::ip::udp::endpoint destination(
   *     asio::ip::address::from_string("1.2.3.4"), 12345);
   * socket.send_to(asio::buffer(data, size), destination);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      const endpoint_type& destination)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send_to(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, destination, 0, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send_to");
    return s;
  }

  /// Send raw data to the specified endpoint.
  /**
   * This function is used to send raw data to the specified remote endpoint.
   * The function call will block until the data has been sent successfully or
   * an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
   *
   * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes sent.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      const endpoint_type& destination, socket_base::message_flags flags)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().send_to(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, destination, flags, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "send_to");
    return s;
  }

  /// Send raw data to the specified endpoint.
  /**
   * This function is used to send raw data to the specified remote endpoint.
   * The function call will block until the data has been sent successfully or
   * an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
   *
   * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
   *
   * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes sent.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence>
  std::size_t send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      const endpoint_type& destination, socket_base::message_flags flags,
      asio::error_code& ec)
  {
    return this->impl_.get_service().send_to(this->impl_.get_implementation(),
        buffers, destination, flags, ec);
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous send.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously send raw data to the specified
   * remote endpoint. The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
   * Copies will be made of the endpoint as required.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the send operation completes.
   * Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function signature of
   * the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes sent.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @par Example
   * To send a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as follows:
   * @code
   * asio::ip::udp::endpoint destination(
   *     asio::ip::address::from_string("1.2.3.4"), 12345);
   * socket.async_send_to(
   *     asio::buffer(data, size), destination, handler);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on sending multiple
   * buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) WriteHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      const endpoint_type& destination,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_send_to(this), handler, buffers,
        destination, socket_base::message_flags(0));
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous send.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously send raw data to the specified
   * remote endpoint. The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more data buffers to be sent to the remote endpoint.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the send call is to be made.
   *
   * @param destination The remote endpoint to which the data will be sent.
   * Copies will be made of the endpoint as required.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the send operation completes.
   * Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function signature of
   * the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes sent.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   */
  template <typename ConstBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) WriteHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_send_to(const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
      const endpoint_type& destination, socket_base::message_flags flags,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<WriteHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_send_to(this), handler, buffers, destination, flags);
  }

  /// Receive some data on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to receive data on the raw socket. The function
   * call will block until data has been received successfully or an error
   * occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes received.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   *
   * @note The receive operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
   * the receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected raw
   * socket.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
   * follows:
   * @code socket.receive(asio::buffer(data, size)); @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
   * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, 0, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive");
    return s;
  }

  /// Receive some data on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to receive data on the raw socket. The function
   * call will block until data has been received successfully or an error
   * occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes received.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   *
   * @note The receive operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
   * the receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected raw
   * socket.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive");
    return s;
  }

  /// Receive some data on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to receive data on the raw socket. The function
   * call will block until data has been received successfully or an error
   * occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
   *
   * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes received.
   *
   * @note The receive operation can only be used with a connected socket. Use
   * the receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected raw
   * socket.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags, asio::error_code& ec)
  {
    return this->impl_.get_service().receive(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags, ec);
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous receive on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously receive data from the raw
   * socket. The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the receive operation
   * completes. Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function
   * signature of the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes received.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The async_receive operation can only be used with a connected socket.
   * Use the async_receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected
   * raw socket.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
   * follows:
   * @code
   * socket.async_receive(asio::buffer(data, size), handler);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
   * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) ReadHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_receive(this), handler,
        buffers, socket_base::message_flags(0));
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous receive on a connected socket.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously receive data from the raw
   * socket. The function call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the receive operation
   * completes. Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function
   * signature of the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes received.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @note The async_receive operation can only be used with a connected socket.
   * Use the async_receive_from function to receive data on an unconnected
   * raw socket.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) ReadHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_receive(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      socket_base::message_flags flags,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_receive(this), handler, buffers, flags);
  }

  /// Receive raw data with the endpoint of the sender.
  /**
   * This function is used to receive raw data. The function call will block
   * until data has been received successfully or an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   *
   * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
   * the remote sender of the data.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes received.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   *
   * @par Example
   * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
   * follows:
   * @code
   * asio::ip::udp::endpoint sender_endpoint;
   * socket.receive_from(
   *     asio::buffer(data, size), sender_endpoint);
   * @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
   * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      endpoint_type& sender_endpoint)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive_from(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, sender_endpoint, 0, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive_from");
    return s;
  }
  
  /// Receive raw data with the endpoint of the sender.
  /**
   * This function is used to receive raw data. The function call will block
   * until data has been received successfully or an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   *
   * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
   * the remote sender of the data.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes received.
   *
   * @throws asio::system_error Thrown on failure.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      endpoint_type& sender_endpoint, socket_base::message_flags flags)
  {
    asio::error_code ec;
    std::size_t s = this->impl_.get_service().receive_from(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, sender_endpoint, flags, ec);
    asio::detail::throw_error(ec, "receive_from");
    return s;
  }
  
  /// Receive raw data with the endpoint of the sender.
  /**
   * This function is used to receive raw data. The function call will block
   * until data has been received successfully or an error occurs.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   *
   * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
   * the remote sender of the data.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
   *
   * @param ec Set to indicate what error occurred, if any.
   *
   * @returns The number of bytes received.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence>
  std::size_t receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      endpoint_type& sender_endpoint, socket_base::message_flags flags,
      asio::error_code& ec)
  {
    return this->impl_.get_service().receive_from(
        this->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, sender_endpoint, flags, ec);
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous receive.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously receive raw data. The function
   * call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
   * the remote sender of the data. Ownership of the sender_endpoint object
   * is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that it is valid until the
   * handler is called.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the receive operation
   * completes. Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function
   * signature of the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes received.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   *
   * @par Example
   * To receive into a single data buffer use the @ref buffer function as
   * follows:
   * @code socket.async_receive_from(
   *     asio::buffer(data, size), 0, sender_endpoint, handler); @endcode
   * See the @ref buffer documentation for information on receiving into
   * multiple buffers in one go, and how to use it with arrays, boost::array or
   * std::vector.
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) ReadHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      endpoint_type& sender_endpoint,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_receive_from(this), handler, buffers,
        &sender_endpoint, socket_base::message_flags(0));
  }

  /// Start an asynchronous receive.
  /**
   * This function is used to asynchronously receive raw data. The function
   * call always returns immediately.
   *
   * @param buffers One or more buffers into which the data will be received.
   * Although the buffers object may be copied as necessary, ownership of the
   * underlying memory blocks is retained by the caller, which must guarantee
   * that they remain valid until the handler is called.
   *
   * @param sender_endpoint An endpoint object that receives the endpoint of
   * the remote sender of the data. Ownership of the sender_endpoint object
   * is retained by the caller, which must guarantee that it is valid until the
   * handler is called.
   *
   * @param flags Flags specifying how the receive call is to be made.
   *
   * @param handler The handler to be called when the receive operation
   * completes. Copies will be made of the handler as required. The function
   * signature of the handler must be:
   * @code void handler(
   *   const asio::error_code& error, // Result of operation.
   *   std::size_t bytes_transferred           // Number of bytes received.
   * ); @endcode
   * Regardless of whether the asynchronous operation completes immediately or
   * not, the handler will not be invoked from within this function. On
   * immediate completion, invocation of the handler will be performed in a
   * manner equivalent to using asio::post().
   */
  template <typename MutableBufferSequence,
      ASIO_COMPLETION_TOKEN_FOR(void (asio::error_code,
        std::size_t)) ReadHandler
          ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN_TYPE(executor_type)>
  ASIO_INITFN_AUTO_RESULT_TYPE(ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t))
  async_receive_from(const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
      endpoint_type& sender_endpoint, socket_base::message_flags flags,
      ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler
        ASIO_DEFAULT_COMPLETION_TOKEN(executor_type))
  {
    return async_initiate<ReadHandler,
      void (asio::error_code, std::size_t)>(
        initiate_async_receive_from(this), handler,
        buffers, &sender_endpoint, flags);
  }

private:
  // Disallow copying and assignment.
  basic_raw_socket(const basic_raw_socket&) ASIO_DELETED;
  basic_raw_socket& operator=(const basic_raw_socket&) ASIO_DELETED;

  class initiate_async_send
  {
  public:
    typedef Executor executor_type;

    explicit initiate_async_send(basic_raw_socket* self)
      : self_(self)
    {
    }

    executor_type get_executor() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return self_->get_executor();
    }

    template <typename WriteHandler, typename ConstBufferSequence>
    void operator()(ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler,
        const ConstBufferSequence& buffers,
        socket_base::message_flags flags) const
    {
      // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
      // does not meet the documented type requirements for a WriteHandler.
      ASIO_WRITE_HANDLER_CHECK(WriteHandler, handler) type_check;

      detail::non_const_lvalue<WriteHandler> handler2(handler);
      self_->impl_.get_service().async_send(
          self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags,
          handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_executor());
    }

  private:
    basic_raw_socket* self_;
  };

  class initiate_async_send_to
  {
  public:
    typedef Executor executor_type;

    explicit initiate_async_send_to(basic_raw_socket* self)
      : self_(self)
    {
    }

    executor_type get_executor() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return self_->get_executor();
    }

    template <typename WriteHandler, typename ConstBufferSequence>
    void operator()(ASIO_MOVE_ARG(WriteHandler) handler,
        const ConstBufferSequence& buffers, const endpoint_type& destination,
        socket_base::message_flags flags) const
    {
      // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
      // does not meet the documented type requirements for a WriteHandler.
      ASIO_WRITE_HANDLER_CHECK(WriteHandler, handler) type_check;

      detail::non_const_lvalue<WriteHandler> handler2(handler);
      self_->impl_.get_service().async_send_to(
          self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, destination,
          flags, handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_executor());
    }

  private:
    basic_raw_socket* self_;
  };

  class initiate_async_receive
  {
  public:
    typedef Executor executor_type;

    explicit initiate_async_receive(basic_raw_socket* self)
      : self_(self)
    {
    }

    executor_type get_executor() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return self_->get_executor();
    }

    template <typename ReadHandler, typename MutableBufferSequence>
    void operator()(ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler,
        const MutableBufferSequence& buffers,
        socket_base::message_flags flags) const
    {
      // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
      // does not meet the documented type requirements for a ReadHandler.
      ASIO_READ_HANDLER_CHECK(ReadHandler, handler) type_check;

      detail::non_const_lvalue<ReadHandler> handler2(handler);
      self_->impl_.get_service().async_receive(
          self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, flags,
          handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_executor());
    }

  private:
    basic_raw_socket* self_;
  };

  class initiate_async_receive_from
  {
  public:
    typedef Executor executor_type;

    explicit initiate_async_receive_from(basic_raw_socket* self)
      : self_(self)
    {
    }

    executor_type get_executor() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT
    {
      return self_->get_executor();
    }

    template <typename ReadHandler, typename MutableBufferSequence>
    void operator()(ASIO_MOVE_ARG(ReadHandler) handler,
        const MutableBufferSequence& buffers, endpoint_type* sender_endpoint,
        socket_base::message_flags flags) const
    {
      // If you get an error on the following line it means that your handler
      // does not meet the documented type requirements for a ReadHandler.
      ASIO_READ_HANDLER_CHECK(ReadHandler, handler) type_check;

      detail::non_const_lvalue<ReadHandler> handler2(handler);
      self_->impl_.get_service().async_receive_from(
          self_->impl_.get_implementation(), buffers, *sender_endpoint,
          flags, handler2.value, self_->impl_.get_executor());
    }

  private:
    basic_raw_socket* self_;
  };
};

} // namespace asio

#include "asio/detail/pop_options.hpp"

#endif // ASIO_BASIC_RAW_SOCKET_HPP